TINJAUAN MIGRASI PENDUDUK DESA-KOTA, URBANISASI DAN DAMPAKNYA

Suko Bandiyono, Ken F. lndrawardani

Abstract


Based on the overview of several socio-demographic publications, this paper examine the issue of rural-urban migration and the consequences of urbanization. Urbanization is a complexs phenomenon which strongly determined of rural-urban migration. Migration to large metropolitan cities from rural areas and small towns has put enormous pressure in place of destination and created many sosio-economic and demographic problems. Metropolitan cities has becomed the consentration of urban poor which mostly holds the informal jobs and live in squatter areas.

Keywords: Rural-urban migration, urbanization, sosial and demographic impacts


Keywords


Rural-urban migration, urbanization, sosial and demographic impacts

Full Text:

PDF

References


Afsar, R. (2004). "Dynamics of Poverty, Development and Population Mobility: the Bangladesh Case." Asia-Pacific Population Journal Vol. 19, No. 2, 2004.

Bairoch, P. (1973). Urban Unemployment in Developing Countries, Geneve: ILO.

Bandiyono, S. (1983). "Pekerjaan di Luar Sektor Pertanian dan Migrasi Desa-kota: Suatu respon terhadap tekanan penduduk dan pembangunan di Jawa." Masyarakat Indonesia Th. ke X No.2. 1983.

Bandiyono, S. & Conroy, J. D. (1983). "Employment and Income from Non-Agricultural Sources in Rural East Java; Some Preliminary Findings." Makalah disampaikan untuk

konferensi "Off-farm Employment in the Development of Rural Asia." Chiangmai, Thailand 22-26 Agustus 1983.

Bandiyono, S. (1986). "Mobilitas Desa-Kota dan Urbanisasi." Makalah disampaikan pada Simposium Pembangunan Berwawasan Lingkungan. Yogyakarta 5-7 Mei 1986.

Chander, R., Karunanayake, H., de Vera, J., & Yeh, S. H. K. (1979). "Housing Conditions and Housing Needs." Dalam Stephen H.K.Yeh and A.A.Laquian (eds), Housing Asia-Millions: Problems, Policies, and prospects for Low-Cost Housing Southeast Asia. Ottawa: IDRC

Chandhury, R. H. (1978). Determinants and Consequences of Rural Out-Migration: Evidence from Some Villages in Bangladesh. Dalam The Oriental Geographer Vol.XXIL Nos.1&2.

Costello, M. A, Leinbach, T. R., Ulack, R., Costello, M. P., & Suwarno, B. (1987). Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press Inc.

Evers, H. D. (1982). Sosiologi Perkotaan. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Evers, Hans Dieter dan Korff Rudiger, (2002). Urbanisme Di Asia Tenggara.Mestika Zed (ed). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Findley S. S. (1977). Planning/or Internal Migration: A Review of the Issues and Policies in Developing Countries. International Statistical Programs Center Research Document No.4. Washington DC: United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of

the Census.

Geertz, C. J. (1966). Agricultural Involution: The Process of Ecological Change in Indonesia. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Hauser, P. M. (1965)."Urbanization: An Overview." Dalam Philip M. Hauser dan Leo F. Schnore (eds). The Study a/Urbanization. New York, London, Sydney: John Wiley & Sons.

Hugo, G. J. (1983). "Population mobility and wealth transfers in Indonesia and other Third World societies." Papers of the East-West Population Institute No.87

Hugo, G. J. (1985). "Some Policy Aspects of the Relationships Between Internal Migration and Regional Development in Less Developed Countries With Particular Reference to Indonesia." Centre for Development Studies, The Flinders University of South

Australia. Discussion Paper No.9.

Hugo, G. J. (1985). "Some Policy Aspects of the Relationships Between Internal Migration and Regional Development in Less Developed Countries With Particular Reference to Indonesia." Centre for Development Studies, The Flinders University of South

Australia. Discussion Paper No.9.

Jellinek, L. (1978). "The pondok system and circular migration." Dalam Lea Jellinek, Chris Manning, Gavin Jones, eds., The Life of the Poor in Indonesia Cities. Clayton: Monash University.

Mantra, I. B. & Molo, M. (1985). " Mobilitas Penduduk ke Enam Kota Besar di Indonesia." Makalah disampaikan pada Konperensi Nasional Pusat Studi Kependudukan III, Kantor Menteri Negara Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup. Jakarta: 15-17 Oktober

Mazumdar, D. (1987). "Rural to Urban Migration and Labour Markets." Dalam Roland J.Fuch et.al ( ed). Urbanisation and Urban Policies in Pacific Asia. Boulder: Westview Press.

McGee, T. G. (1982). Labour Mobility in Fragmented Labour Markets, the Role of Circulatory Migration in Rural-Urban Relation in Asia. Dalam Towards a Political Economy of Urbanization in Third World Countries. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Noveria, M. ( 1993). "Rural to Urban Migration in Relation With Educational Expansion in the Less Developed Countries: A Literature Review." Penduduk & Pembangunan. Jilid

IY, No.2-3.

Ogawa, N. (1985). "Urbanization and Internal migration in Selected ASEAN Countries: Trends and Prospects." Nihon University Population Research Institute, Tokyo Japan.

NUPRI Reprint Series No.16.

Permukiman kumuh, http://www.bap_pedajakarta.go.id/iktbangunlpermukiman l ,htln #area.

Population Headliners, ESCAP, No.254, Sptember-October 1996.

Ravenstein, E. G. (1889). The laws of migration. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 52(2), 241-305. crossref

Romdiati, H. (1995). "The Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Urban Employment Problems in Indonesia." Dalam Buletin Pengkajian Masalah Kependudukan dan Pembangunan V &VI (3 &J) 1994-1995.

Sinulingga, B. D., (1999). Pembangunan Kota Tznjauan Regional dan Lokal. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.

Silas Johan (2001). "Brief Account on Housing in Indonesia". Makalah dipesiapkan untuk

lstambul +5. http://www.achr.net/johan-silas-h5 .htm

Sovani, N. V. (1964). The analysis of "over-urbanization". Economic Development and Cultural Change, 12(2), 113-122. crossref

Steel, R. M. (1980). Origins and Occupational Mobility of Lifetime Migrants to Surabaya, East Java. Thesis untuk memperoleh gelar Ph.D di Australian National University.

Tirtosudarmo, R. (1986). "Migration of the Poor to Jakarta." Media Leknas-UPI. V (02).

Todaro, M. (1983). "A Model of Labour Migration and Urban Unemployment in LDCs." American Economic Review Vo.59.

United Nations (1985). Migration, Population Growth and Employment in Metropolitan Areas of Selected Developing Countries. New York : Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. ST/ESA/SER-R/57

Warsilah Henny. (2000). 'Komenter dan Bahasan Terhadap Upaya Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Masyarakat Perkampungan Kumuh di Yogyakarta Kasus Kelurahan Keparakan." Makalah disampaikan pada Seminar Upaya Pemberdayaan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Masyarakat Perkampungan Kumuh di Yogyakarta. Diselenggarakan oleh PEP-LIPI, 2 Maret 2000.

Wu, W. (2002). Migrant housing in urban China: Choices and constraints. Urban Affairs Review, 38(1), 90-119. crossref

Yeung Y. M. (1983). "Introduction." Dalam Y.M. Yeung ( ed). A Place to Live: More Effective Low-Cost Housing in Asia. Ottawa : IDRC.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v5i1.99

Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Research Center for Population, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Widya Graha Building, 7th and 10th floors
Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto 10 Jakarta Selatan, Telp (021) 5221687
Website: http:/kependudukan.lipi.go.id;
E-Journal: http://ejurnal.kependudukan.lipi.go.id
Pustaka: http://pustaka.kependudukan.lipi.go.id
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------