Komposisi jenis kelamin anak, program Keluarga Berencana dan fertilitas

Mugia Bayu Raharja, Robani Catursaptani, Rahmadewi Rahmadewi

Abstract


The number and sex composition of children are important for some married couples in Indonesia. Having sons in the family is considered as a must since they are argued to be the successor of the family lineage. The presence of daughters is expected to help with household chores and care for their elderly parents. The sex preference for children by the married couples can affect their number of children. This study aims to assess the relationship between the number and sex composition of children, contraceptive use, and the desire to have more children among women in Indonesia. The study employed the data from the 2017 Indonesian Demography and Health Survey (IDHS), with the unit of analysis of currently married women aged 15-49 who have at least one living children. The results show that women with two or more children of the same sex had a higher tendency to have additional children and no use of contraceptives. The Family Planning program's campaign of similar values shared between son and daughter is still hardly accepted, hence, sex preference still exists. It is necessary to reformulate an effective concept for proper socialization of these values as an effort to control the fertility rate in Indonesia.


Keywords


child sex preference; child sex composition; contraception; fertility

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abassi, Z., Keshavarz, Z., Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J., Ebadi, A., & Esmaily, H. (2018). Factors affecting women’s sex preference in multiethnic society in North Khorasan Province, Iran. Electronic Physician, 10(7), 7063–7070. https://doi.org/10.19082/7063

Adebowale, S. A., & Palamuleni, M. E. (2015). Influence of gender preference and sex composition of surviving children on childbearing intention among high fertility married women in stable union in Malawi. African Health Sciences, 15(1), 150–160. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i1.21

Arnold, F. (2001). Son preference in South Asia. Dalam Z.A. Sathar & J.F. Phillips (Ed.), Fertility transition in South Asia (hal. 281–299). https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:oxp:obooks:9780199241859

Bélanger, D. (2002). Son preference in a rural village in North Vietnam. Studies in Family Planning, 33, 321–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2002.00321.x

BKKBN, BPS, Kementerian Kesehatan, & ICF. (2018). Indonesia demographic and health survey 2017. Jakarta, Indonesia.

Bongaarts, J. (2013). The implementation of preferences for male offspring. Population and Development Review, 39(2), 185–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00588.x

Borges, A. L. V., Dos Santos, O. A., & Fujimori, E. (2018). Concordance between intention to use and current use of contraceptives among six-month postpartum women in Brazil: The role of unplanned pregnancy. Midwifery, 56, 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.10.015

Bulatao, R.A., & Lee, R. (1983). Determinant of fertility in developing countries: Fertility regulation and institutional influences. Academic Press.

Easterlin, R. A. (1983). Modernization and fertility: A critical essay. Dalam R.A. Bulatao & R. Lee (Ed.), Determinant of fertility in developing countries: Fertility regulation and institutional influences (hal. 562-586). Academic Press.

Fuse, K. (2013). Daughter preference in Japan: A reflection of gender role attitudes? Demographic Research, 28, 1021–1052. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2013.28.36

Guilmoto, C. Z. (2012). Son preference, sex selection, and kinship in Vietnam. Population and Development Review, 3(1), 31–54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41857356%0A

_______________. (2015). Mapping the diversity of gender preferences and sex imbalances in Indonesia in 2010. Population Studies, 69(3), 299–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2015.1091603

Hastono, S. P. (2009). Peran faktor komposisional dan faktor kontekstual terhadap jumlah anak yang diinginkan di indonesia: Permodelan dengan analisis multilevel - Analisis lanjut SDKI 2007. Penerbit KB dan Kesehatan Reproduksi, BKKBN.

Jayaraman, A., Mishra, V., & Arnold, F. (2009). The relationship of family size and composition to fertility desires, contraceptive adoption and method choice in South Asia. International Family Planning Perspectives, 35(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1363/3502909

Johansson, L., Sundström, G., & Hassing, L. B. (2003). State provision down, offspring’s up: The reverse substitution of old-age care in Sweden. Ageing and Society, 23(3), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X02001071

Leone, T., Matthews, Z., & Dalla Zuanna, G. (2003). Impact and determinants of gender preference for children in Nepal. International Family Planning Perspectives, 29(2), 69–75. http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/Output/185044/Default.aspx

Mahadevan, K. P. J. & Reddy, D. A. N. (1986). Fertility and mortality theory, methodology and empirical issues. Sage Publications India.

Margolis, R., & Myrskyla, M. (2016). Children’s sex and the happiness of parents. European Journal of Population, 32(3), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-016-9387-z

Miranda, V., Dahlberg, J., & Andersson, G. (2018). Parents’ preferences for sex of children in Sweden: Attitudes and outcomes. Population Research and Policy Review, 37(3), 443–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-018-9462-8

Nurjono, D. A. (2014). Pandangan masyarakat tentang nilai anak di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Sulawesi Tenggara. Puslitbang Kependudukan BKKBN.

Rahmadewi, R., & Asih, L. (2011). Tingkat fertilitas di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dan Yogyakarta. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal, 6(3), 117. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v6i3.102

Retherford, R. D., & Roy, T. K. (2003). Factors affecting sex-selective abortion in India. NFHS Bulletin, 21. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3461

Sandström, G., & Vikström, L. (2015). Sex preference for children in German villages during the fertility transition. Population Studies, 69(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2014.994667

Smith-Greenaway, E., Weitzman, A., & Chilungo, A. (2019). Child sex composition, parental sex preferences, and marital outcomes: Evidence from a matrilineal context. Journal of Marriage and Family, 81(5), 1126–1143. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12591

Wirawan I.B. (2007). Status wanita dalam perspektif kajian studi kependudukan. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 20(3), 208-219. http://journal.unair.ac.id/download-fullpapers-Lepasan%20Naskah%205%20(208-219).pdf

Yoo, S. H., Hayford, S. R., & Agadjanian, V. (2017). Old habits die hard? Lingering son preference in an era of normalizing sex ratios at birth in South Korea. Population Research and Policy Review, 36(1), 25–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-016-9405-1




DOI: https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v16i1.598

Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Research Center for Population, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Widya Graha Building, 7th and 10th floors
Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto 10 Jakarta Selatan, Telp (021) 5221687
Website: http:/kependudukan.lipi.go.id;
E-Journal: http://ejurnal.kependudukan.lipi.go.id
Pustaka: http://pustaka.kependudukan.lipi.go.id
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------